Cinematography

Cinematography is made up of four elements. Angles, focus, framing and movement.

There are a few different types of framing are:

Extreme long shot which will include the scenary and the setting. This would be used to show the audience where it film is set and what is in the area.  

A long shot will be of a person from the feet up. This is used to portray the full character and show parts of the surrounds. 

Medium long shot is the knees up. This is used to show the character but also show to show a little of there facial expressions which portay their emotions.

Mid shot would be of the waist up. this is to get even closer on someones emotions and to make it so that you can see the phyicality of the character.

Medium close up is of the chest up. This would show the emotions a little more but it is mainly used to show someone talking to someone else.

Close up would be be on the shoulders up, which is used to show the emotions a lot. this helps to show how the characters are feeling.

...and a extreme close up would be the face only, which adds tension and shows the characters emotions very well. 

Camera angles are used within a product the convay certain emotions or characteristics. For example

If the camera is down low and pointing up at the actor then it will make the actor seem powerful and strong where as if the camera is high and pointing down at the actor it makes the actor seem not as important and weak.
A tilt or dutch tilt is used to portray uneasy feeling.
The camera uses movement also. For example the camera can be used to pan, which is turned from side to side, this is to show where a character may be about to travel or to show them moving across as they walk or run.
Lan is the opposite of the Pan, the camera goes up and down this is to show an area or a character from bottom to top.
A tracking shot would be when the camera moved to the side normally used to follow a character as they walk or run.
The crane is used to go over a surrounding area from a high point.